#subtitlinghistory
In the early days of cinema in Greece, and until 1955 #subtitles were projected over the film with what was called a TITLEZA
https://www.kalimera-arkadia.gr/ta-panta-ola/item/22970-gia-tous-sinefil-kai-oxi-mono-oi-palioi-kinimatografoi-kai-i-titleza.html

@carol_osullivan let me know if machine translation works :)
I got the term "sciopticon" from this article, even though I don't know if it was the same device
https://the-artifice.com/subtitling-cinema-history/